For some reason, many people nowadays are leaving school without learning to speak or write correctly in English. This results in several problems for them: - Their writing is seen as childish.
- Their meaning is often not clear.
- People misunderstand them.
- They misunderstand what others write.
Below are some common mistakes which I've seen. If you have any to add or have questions, feel free to write to me. I hope you find this interesting (and amusing in places).
NOTE: I don't pretend that my English is perfect; I make typos, get the spelling, punctuation and even the meaning wrong, occasionally. But my English is way above average and that gives me a head start in written communication. You could be losing out by ignoring this advantage.
Here's a common mistake:
Of confused with "off".
(Of is pronounced "OV")
"I just booked a week OF work" is not the same as: "I just booked a week OFF work."
The first implies that you WILL be working for a week; the second implies that you won't.
See what a difference ONE letter makes! People often tell me that "spelling doesn't matter - everyone knows what I mean". Now you see that's NOT TRUE. In some cases there is NO WAY that the reader can guess that WHAT YOU WROTE IS NOT WHAT YOU MEANT!
If you write "I just booked a week of work" they will expect you to be working. If you really meant to write "a week off work" they can't guess that, even though it means the opposite.
There instead of their ("There" refers to a place - example: "over there")
Their means "belonging to them" - example: "I took their shoes from over there".
double negatives - "I'm not going to do it no more" is incorrect. It should be "I'm not going to do it any more" or "I'm not going to do it again".
*** INCORRECT SPELLING ***
ect instead of etc. (abbreviated from the Latin "et cetera" meaning "and so on". Just remember that it's an alien word and therefore begins with E T).
accross (x) instead of across
appologise (x) instead of apologise
reciept (x) instead of receipt
recieve (x) instead of receive, recieved (x) instead of received, reciever (x) instead of receiver.
(The general rule is "eye before ee except after cee" - but the word "weird" breaks this rule).
visa-versa (x) instead of vice-versa (Latin)
minatory (x) instead of minority
immobaliser (x) instead of immobiliser.
petetional (x) instead of potential.
Feburary (x) or Febuary (x) instead of February.
buget (x) instead of budget.
seperate (x) instead of separate.
*** INCORRECT WORD USAGE ***
quiet instead of quite ("quiet" means "not loud" and "quite" means "fairly").
caries instead of carries ("caries" refers to decay of teeth or bones)
manufactures instead of manufacturers
brought instead of bought ("brought" from "to bring"; "bought" from "to buy").
defected instead of defective ("defected" means "gone to the enemy's side"; "defective" means "faulty").
coursed instead of caused.
"Cause" means "to bring about" or "to make happen".
"Coursed" refers to a liquid. For example "the river coursed its way through the gorge".
loose (=not tight) instead of lose (=can't find).
Effect instead of affect.
To "effect" means to bring about, or to cause, whereas to "affect" means to change or alter something.
Example:
The pint of beer affected his driving quite badly.
The new school rules will affect the behaviour of the pupils.
The computer can effect the conversion from dollars to pounds in a microsecond.
His presence effected the success of the contract, much to the relief of his employer.
Note that this applies to the words when used as VERBS.
If you use them as NOUNS they are virtually interchangeable.
The effect of the explosion was very bad.
The affect of the explosion was very bad.
*** INCORRECT USE OF APOSTROPHE ***
They're instead of their
("their" = "belonging to them". "They're is an abbreviation of "they are").
your's instead of yours (no apostrophe)
your instead of you're (you're is short for "you are")
My son's rattle (=the rattle which belongs to my son)
My sons' rattle (=the rattle which belongs to all my sons)
My sons rattle (=they all make this noise!)
"Buy your carrot's, onion's and potato's here!" (Wrong!)
"Buy your carrots, onions and potatoes here". (Correct)
"Have you any idea's?" (Wrong!)
"Have you any ideas?" (Correct)
its instead of it's ("it is" or "it has" - example: it's gone now)
it's instead of its (belonging to it - example: its head)
"It's going to lose its loose head" (is correct).
"He walked round the garden sticking his nose into Rose's and Lilly's".
The apostrophe indicates "possession" so he presumably stuck his nose into something belonging to Rose and to Lilly! But this is not what is meant at all. Let's write it again with the plural nouns formed correctly:
"He walked round the garden sticking his nose into roses and lillies".
Now we see that it refers to flowers. The removal of the capital letters shows that it does not refer to girls' names at all! And the plurals are now written correctly. (The plural of any word ending with a "y" is formed by changing the "y" to "ies". Other plurals are formed by adding "s" or "es" - NEVER by adding " 's ").
*** OTHER COMMON MISTAKES ***
Split infinitives such as "to at least ensure" instead of "at least to ensure" or "to ensure at least".
The infinitive or root verb is of the form "to ensure", "to go", "to run" and should not be split. But having said that, "it frequently is" (a good example!) For the most part a split infinitive is acceptable in spoken English because the intonation makes the meaning clear ("To boldly go.."). However, you must be more careful in written English because splitting the verb can make the meaning of a sentence less clear.
"I would be loathed to do that ... "
Loathed means hated so what you ought to write is "I would be loath". The word "loath" means unwilling. See how easy it is to write something stupid!
Note that the lone letter "i" is always capital "I" in English.
Writing it as a lower case letter is seen as childish and ignorant by educated people.
The immediate impression is that the writer is a very young child. It also gives the impression of low esteem. (In other words, the writer doesn't think very highly of himself. He is a wimp).
"i write like this becos i am a wimp and i like people to think im 6 years old"
*** PUNCTUATION ***
